Building unit



I \J. v. PATTERSON BUILDING UNIT Y Filed March 1'7, l1936 -5 Sheets-Sheet l lll'llll ll/lll//l April 25, 1939. .1. v PATTERSON BULDING UNIT Fi'led March 1'?,

'195e 5 sheets-sheet4 2 .Y

IApril 25, 1939. J. PAT-TERSN v BUILIJING UNIT 5 sheets-sheet 5 A Filed March 17, 1936 FPa-Zzamvmo.. y

April 25, 1939. 'I J. v.,'|= ATTERsoN 2,155,709

Y BUILDING UNIT Filed March 17, 1956 5 Sheets-Sheetl 4 April 25, '1939. J. v.l PATTERSON BUILDING UNIT Filed'March 17, 193e 5 Sheets-Sheet 5,'

INVENTOR `Patented Apr. 25, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT oEFIcE 2,155,709 BUILDING UNI'I` l John V. Patterson, Pittsburgh, lla. Application March 17, 193s, serial No. 69,384

15 Claims.

This invention relates to building units insu- 10 and external forces and strains and each part being of such weight that a single person, and not more than two persons, will be required in the handling thereof.

With these and other objects in view. this in- 15 vention consists in certain novel features of construction, combination and arrangement of parts to be hereinafter more fully described and claimed. f

For a complete understanding of my invention, 20

and accompanying drawings, inwhich Figure 1 is an end View illustrating a building constructed from fabricated parts constructed in accordance with my invention.

Figure 2 is a fragmentary horizontal sectional view showing the interlocking method of connection between the main floor beams and between the latter and pilasters.

Figure 3 is a sectional view taken on the line 3--3 of Figure 2 showing a pilaster as constructed of inner and outer members held assembled by ties and showing the connection between the pilaster and a iioor beam and the latter. resting upon a suitable foundation.

' Figure 3a is a perspective' view showing the 35 inner member of a pilaster.

i Figure 4 is a fragmentary perspective view partly in section showing the connection of longitudinally extending ties to a pilaster and the connection of the members of said pilaster.

Figure 5 is a perspective view illustrating one f the pilaster ties employed for connecting the inner and outer members of the pilaster.

Figure a is a perspective view illustrating a '45 modified formvof pilaster tie. Y

Figure 5b is a perspective view showing afloor plate.

Figure 6 is a perspective view showing one of the longitudinal ties employed for connecting the pilasters together.

Figure 6a is a fragmentary edge view showing a modified form of longitudinal pilaster tie.

Figure 7 is a vfragmentary perspective view illustrating the inner member of alcorner pilaster.

Figure 8 is a detailsectional view'taken on the line 8-8 of Figure 3 showing insulation between the main oor beams.

Figure 9 is' a fragmentary perspective view broken4 away showing the connection between a Q0 main oor beam and a pilaster. y

reference is to be had to the following description (ci. iss-.n

Figure 10 is a detail sectional view showing a. tie beam between the floor and ceiling beams.

Figure 11 is a fragmentary view showing the tie beam between the floor and ceiling beams and looking at said tie from right angles to that shown 5 in Figure 10.

Figure 12 is a detail sectional view of a modification showing the connection of the wall veneering to the pilasters.

Figure 13 is a fragmentary perspective view partly in section showing means for anchoring partition pilasters to the main beams..

, partly in section showing the anchoring of a roof 25 rafter toa ceiling beam. f

Figure 19 is a sectional view taken on the line I9-I9 of Figure 17.

Figure 20 is a fragmentary perspective view il lustrating one of the roof rafters, or box channel beams.

Figure v21 is a sectional view taken on the line 2I-'2l of Figure 17.

' Figure 22 is a sectional view taken on the line 22--22 of Figure 17. f

Figure 23 is a sectional view taken lon the line 23-23 of Figure 17.

Figure 24 is a perspective view showing a tie employed between a main beam and a roof rafter.

Figure 25 is a fragmentary perspective view i1- lustrating a ridge cap for the roof. y

Figure 26 is a fragmentary perspective view showing one of the tie braces employed between the roof rafters and the ceiling beams.

Figure 27 is a fragmentary perspective view 4J showing a companion tie brace to the tie brace shown in Figure 26. v

Figure 28v is a fragmentary perspective view showing the mounting of shingles to the roof rafters.

Figure 429 is a sectional view taken on the line 29-29 of Figure 2a.

Figure 30 is a sectional viewtaken on the line 30-30 of Figure 28. f. Figure 31 is a perspective view illustrating one of the shingles.

' Figure 32 is a fragmentary perspective view showing an anchoring element employed' for locking shingles'together and to the roof rafters. so

Figure 33 is a horizontal section showing a detail of a modified form of structure for connectof an element employed in the embodiment of Figure 33.

Referring in detail to the drawings, the numeral I indicates a'building or dwelling assembled from fabricated units and members forming the subject matter of the present invention. Any suitable type of foundation 2 is provided for the building or dwelling I to rest upon and the latter may have insulated walls, flooring and ceiling to resist weather elements. Any suitable insulation 3 is employed. 'I'he vertical walls as well as interior partitions of the building or dwelling I include spaced pilasters or stud uprights 4 and 5. The pilasters 5 are employed at the corners of the walls and are somewhat shaped differently from the pilasters 4. The ceilings and floors of the building or dwelling I are supported by main channel beams'S interlocked with the pilasters 4. Certain of the main beams 6 are connected to the corner pilasters 5 by tie beams 1. Tie beams 8 are employed between certain of the main beams 6 and certain of the pilasters 4 and may project beyond the outer walls of the building or dwelling for the purpose of supporting a porch or like construction (not shown). 'I'hel tie beams 8 are arranged at right angles to the main beams 6 and the latter are vfurther-bracedby spacers 9. When I mention "pilasters in the specification and claims, I have reference to stud uprights or similar memberst.

The pilasters 4 and 5 heretofore referred to, each include inner and outer members I and II, both of hollow formation and of substantially rectangular shape in cross section. Throats or slots I2 are provided in the members II and I0 and extend the full length thereof. 'Ihe throats or slots I2 are bordered by spaced flanges I3. The members III and II when assembled to provide pilasters have the throats I2 in opposed rela.-A tion. The throats receive ends of perforated pilaster ties I4 each of substantially I beam construction. The ties I4 are assembled vin the members I0 and II from the ends of the latter and act to retain the members I0 and I I in proper relation to one another. 'l'.'he pilasters are connected by longitudinally extending pilaster ties I5. The ties I are arranged to connect together the inner members I0 of the pilasters as well as the outer membersA II. Figure 4 shows clearly -how`the ties I4 and I5 are applied to the members I5 and II-of the pilasters. The ends of the ties I5 are of angle iron shape so as to extend through the throats I2 of the members I0 and II and contact with the inner walls thereof. The ties ,l5-are`applied to the pilasters from the ends or the latter. 'rhs ties u may be substituted `for by perforated ties I1, as shown in Figure 5a.. The ties l1 consist of an elongated :strip having angularly related ends I8 fitting .in the members il nu u or the pilasters by way or the throats and said strips are provided with shoulders or langes "adapted to abut the flanges Il of the" members Il and II. The ties I1 are applied to the pilasters endwise of the latter. The ties I4 and Il when applied to the members Il and Il. of the pilasters rest one upon the other thereby providing a rigid construction eliminating the use o! rivets or .like fastening means for connecting the pilasters together Vand each is provided with a ribbed apron I6. The aprons overlap to provide backing for wall insulation to engage.

Each main floor or ceiling beam 6 consists of companion sections 2li of channel iron construction arranged back to back with a limited space -a between said sections. The sections at the ends thereof are cut away and bent. to form attaching flanges 2l. The attaching flanges 2I of onesection extend in an opposite direction to the attaching flanges of the other section. The flanges 2| and cutaway ends of the section of the main beam slide into the outer members of the pilasters from an endwise direction with respect to the latter. The main beams 6 are connected to the outer members II of the pilasters while the inner members rest upon the main beams with extensions 2Ia thereof extending into the spaces 20a. The outer members II are of a slightly greater length than the inner members. this being clearly shown in Figure 3. The connections of the main floor and ceiling beams to the pilasters 4 are identical and the main ceiling beams are applied tothe pilasters after the uppermost ties I4 and I5 have been applied to said pilasters.

The main oor beams are applied to the foundation during the making of the latter so that after the completion of said foundation the material thereof extends through the spaces 20a between the main beams and into the outer members I0 of the pilasters, and have the extensions 2 la ofthe inner Amembers embedded therein, thereby firmly anchoring said" parts to the foundation. A suitable flooring is supported by oor plates 22a and the latter are mounted on the main floor beams. Each door plate 22a has a flange 23a at one end and spaced ears 24a at ther opposite end and engage the floor beams, as shown in Figure 8. The spacers 9 heretofore referred to each have angularly related feet 22 to abut the beams 6. The tie beams 8 are constructed similarly to the main beams 6 but of shorter length and each have one end cut away to form attaching ears 23 received in the spaces `between thesections 20 of the main beams. The ears 23 are of angular formation so that besides passing betweeny the sections 20 of the main beams they also rest upon the upper edge of one of the sections 20 while the lower edges of the sections of the tie beams rest on the lower edges or flanges of the sections 25 of the main beams. Thel other ends of the sections of the tie beams 8 are shaped to nt in the members I0' and II of the pilasters 4.

The pilasters 5 include the inner and outer members similar in construction to' the inner and outer members of the pilasters 4 except that the outer members of the pilasters 5 have faces A arranged at'right langles to one another to convform o go to make up the corner of adjacent walls of the building o r dwelling. member .of each pilaster 5 has a straight face B` and angulariy related faces C. The ties employed between the members of the pilasters 5 have their ends shaped to conform to the contour of the walls of the inner and outer members of 05 said pilasters 5. The braces 1 extend between the inner members of the pilasters 5 and certain of th'e main beams- 5. One end oi cach brace 'I is equipped with the attaching ears 23 so as to nook into the main beams l.

The pilasters employed in the construction of partition walls for the building or dwelling I rest upon the main beams t of the door and against themainbeamsoftheceilingandaretiedto saidmainbeamsbyciipe. lachciipisot" The inner 00 substantially ufshaped formation to receive therein the members I0 and II of the pilasters and have frictional contact therewith and are provided` with tongues 2G extending' between the sections of the main beams. The clip 25, as shown in Figure 13, is constructed from a single length of material. However, clips may be made, as shown in Figures 14 and 15 wherein the tongues are separable from the U-shaped portions'. The difference between the form of clips shown in Figure 14 and that shown in Figure 15 is that the tongues are arranged at different angles with respect to the U-shaped portions, this permits the securing of partition pilasters to the main beams either longitudinally or transversely thereof.

Vertical tie beams 2B' may be arranged between the main ceiling and oor beams 6 and each are composed of a pair of sections and each section of channel iron construction with their ends cut to form 'anchoring extensions 21 arranged to enter the spaces between the sections 2li of the main beams 6. The tie beams 26 are principally employed for supporting door and window frames.

Sheets of inner and outer wall coverings 28 and 29 are adapted to the pilasters 4 and 5 and may be in the form` to represent brick walls on the outer wall construction 'and plastering on the inner wall construction or other veneer effects may be had. The sheets have edges thereof cut away to form anchoring portions 30 engageable with the members of thel pilasters and the ties I5.

The sheets are applied to the pilasters endwise of the latter during the assembling of the building In the embodiment of my invention shown in Figure 12, outer facing plates or wall panels 28a have been employed instead of the wall covering construction 28 and 29 of Figure 2. The plates 28a preferably interlock with the pilasters or studs 4 and the ties I5; they have angularlyoffset end portions of L shape. Th'e feet of the angle portions are lapped or folded over to strengthen the construction and to tightly interlock with adjacent portions of studs 4 and ties I5. As seen, the facing or finish plates 28a can be moved obliquely into position after the members 4 and I5 have been properly associated4 or interengaged. The studs 4 act as joint finish members in the arrangement of Figure 12.

A gable type roof 3| is shown as applied to the walls of the building or dwelling and includes relatively spaced roof rafters 32 each of substantially rectangular shape in cross section and each provided with a slot 33 extending the full length thereof and in the upper face. The lower faces of the rafters have spaced slots 34 to receive T-shaped ties 35 which tiesl extend through the spaces 20a defined by the sections 20 of the ceiling beams and have the ends thereofbent to engage with the flanges of said sections, as clearly shown in Figure 18, thereby eectively anchoring the roof rafters to the ceiling beams. The rafters are further connected to theceiling beams by diagonally arranged braces 34' arranged in pairs, one brace of each pair straddling the companion brace, the latter having spaced shoulders 35' thereon to abut edges of the companion braces. One end of each brace has anchoring ears 36, see Figure 26, to engage in the rafters while the opposite end of each brace extends through the .space 20a defined by the sections 2U of the ceiling beam and is bent suiliciently to cooperate with shoulders 31 in anchoring the brace to the ceiling beam.

Steel shingles 38 can be applied to the roof rafters and each is equipped with retaining or locking flanges 39'adapted to enter the slots 33 of said rafters by sliding said shingles endwise of the rafters during the application of the shingles to the rafters. The shingles overlap one another and their side edges are arranged in abutting en- .bled on the rafters in roong formation (not shown). A ridge strip 4I is applied to the upper ends of the roof rafters and partly overlies the upper rows of shingles.

The roof rafters may be connected in oppositely arranged pairs by braces 42cooperating with the braces 34' in providinga rigid roof construction capable of withstanding maximum internal or external forces.

Ceiling material may engage with the ceiling beams 6 and may be secured to the inner members I0 of the pilasters (not shown) similarly to the securing of the wall coverings t0 said pilasters.

'I'he ends of the longitudinally extending pilaster ties may be shaped or constructed, as shown at 43, in Figure 6a. The ends 43 bring the major portions of the ties I5 in close abutting engagement with the members of the pilasters.

All of the parts heretofore referred to are of a metallic material and the weightl of eachpart is such that a person may readily handle the same for the purpose of assembling the building or dwelling. IFUrther, it is to be noted that all parts are effectively interlocked with oneanother so as to eliminate rivets, bolts or similar fasteners and will provide a durable'l and rigid construction capable of withstanding maximuminternal and external forces. Further, the interlocking connections between the parts permit the structure to be easily and quickly assembled and further permits the parts to be manufactured and shipped to selecteddestinations to be assembled or put together in building or dwelling' structure by either skilled or unskilled labor.

Having describedy the invention, I claim:

1. A fabricated building comprising pilasters,

2. A fabricated building construction compris ing pilasters each including spaced members each of "channel construction, tie means interlocking with said members of each pilaster, tie means arranged to interlock with inner wall portions of A said channel members of said pilasters and tol connect the pilasters, and floor and ceiling beams interlocked with the pilasters.' 3. A fabricated building construction comprising pilasters each including inner and outer memloI bers of channel construction dening slots therein. tie means extending into the slots of the members for connecting said members of each pilaster in'- spaced relation, tie means extending into the slots of and interlockingwith the members of the pilasters and arranged longitudinally to connect one pilaster to another, and iioor and ceiling beams interlocked with the pilasters.

4. A fabricated building structure comprising pilasters each including inner and outer channel members dening therein slots, tie elements extending into theslots of the members of the pi1asters,and interlocking therewith to retain the members of the vpilasters in spaced relation,A

longitudinally extending pllaster ties extending into the slots of said channel members and connecting the inner members thereof together and the outer members thereof together, and ceiling and iioor beams interlocking with the pilasters.

5. A vfabricated building structure comprising pilasters each including inner and outer members of channel formation, ties of I beam con--l struction interlocking with the members of the' pilasters to join the members of each pilaster together in spaced relation, longitudinally extending ties having hook-shaped ends interlocking with the members of the pilasters, and ceiling and oor beams interlocking with the pilasters with the oor beams supporting said pilasters and the latter supporting the ceiling beams.

6. A fabricated building structure comprising pilasters each including inner and outer channel members, iloor and ceiling beams each including companion sections having the ends of said sections cut away to form attaching flanges interlocking with the .members of the pilasters, tie means between the members of each pilaster, and tie meansbetween the inner members of the pilasters and between the outer members of said pilasters.

7. Avfabricated building structure comprisingl pilasters each including inner and outer channel members, oor and ceiling beams each including companion sections having the ends of said sections cut away to form attaching flanges interlocking with the members of thepilasters, tie* means between the members of each pilaster, tie

means between the inner members of the pilasters and between the outer members of saidpilasters, bracing beams. interlocking with certain of said floor and ceiling beams and with certalnof. said pilasters, and spacers engaging certain of said iloorand ceiling beams.

9. A fabricated building structure comprising pilasters each including inner and outer channel members, oor. and ceiling beams each including companion sections having the ends of said sections cut away to form attaching flanges interlocking' with the members of the pilasters, tie means between the members of each pilaster, tie

means between the inner members of the pilasters and between the outer members of said pilasters, bracing beams interlocking with certain of said floor and ceiling beams and with certain of said pilasters, spacers engaging certain of said floor and ceiling beams, partition pilasters arranged between certain of said floor and ceiling beams and having interlocking connection therewith.

10. In a fabricated building construction, a stud upright having spaced-apart channel-like portions, a beam, an element interlocking with the spaced-apart portions of said stud upright and with said beam for holding them in position with respect to each other, and a tie member extend' ing into and interlocking with the spaced-apart channel-like portions of said stud upright.

11. In a fabricated building construction, a studupright, a beam, said stud upright having spaced-apart portions, said beam having a pair of channels in a substantially back-to-back relationship, and an element interlocking with the spaced-apart portions of said stud upright and arranged to flt between the backs of said pair of channels for holding said stud upright and said beam in position with respect lto each other.`

12.In a fabricated building construction, a stud upright, a beam, said stud upright having spaced-apart portions, said beam having spacedapart web portions, and an element interlocking with said spaced-apart portions of said stud and lplate memberiaving an offset portion extending between portions of said tie element member and a stud of the pair and holding said plate member in position with respect to such stud.

14. In a fabricated building construction, beam members having spaced-apart portions, spacedapart stud uprights having spaced-apart portions, an element cooperating with the spaced-apart portions of said beam members and said s tud uprights, wall plate members extending between' spaced-apart stud uprights, longitudinal tie members connecting said stud and plate members.`

said plate members'having odset portions ex.- tending between portions of said tie members and said studs for holding said members in position with respect to each other.

15. In a fabricated building construction, beain members .having spaced-apart portions. spacedapart stud uprights having spaced-apart-portions. anA element cooperating with the spaced-apart portions of saidbe'am members and'said studl uprights and holding them in a locked position with'respect'to each other, wall plate members extending between said stud uprights, longitudinal tie members connecting said'l studs. and said plate members, said plate members having oifset portions extending between portions of said tie members and studs for holding saidmembers in position with respect to each other. and a transverse member extending between said spaced-apart portions of said stud uprights and .m

interlocking therewith. A

JOHN V. PATTERSON.. 

